Inventory Management Project Essays

Stock Management Project Essays Stock Management Project Essay Stock Management Project Essay PC). The accuracy of a ceaseless framework can create a report at any second to uncover correctly the sum and amount of stock that ought to be close by for any item in the system.Inventory shrinkage: This is a typical issue in drugs stock. In Servaid drug store lost, burglary, mileage of stock is charged to the employee’s compensation. Be that as it may, in Fazal Din and Guardian drug store lose in invetory is beared by the organization. Lack of medication: When a pharmacitical organization don't deliver a particular medication like â€Å"Panadol Tablet† because of any explanation at that point gracefully will be short in the market . The branch administrators of these drug stores advised to explore bunch it is exceptionally hard to control this situtation in light of the fact that the pharmacitical organizations don't illuminate us before shortage.In such situtation we offer subtitute with same recipe else we lose our client and it diminishes our generosity. Utilizatio n of programming: All these drug stores use PC programming for stock administration these are very benefical and tedious exercise. This softwear legitimately associated with the administrative center server. One individual can check all load of stock inside 20 to 30 minutes before PC. The product likewise makes programmed printed deals charges on the offer of medications and furthermore creat programmed receipt to requesting stock. Treatment of expiry:When the particular bunch of medications is coming to approach expiry the product cautioned and branch chief illuminate to their administrative center. In such case the pharmaciticals organization sent an individual who gathers the medication for the sake of the organization. On the off chance that the workers of the drug store can't give expiry sedates on time then the lose of expiry drugs is beared by the drug store. Temperature delicate stock: Drugs are kept in light temperature or dampness free stockpiling conditions. All medicatio ns ought to be put away as per conditions portrayed on the mark. At the point when indicated on the mark, controls for stickiness, light, and so forth hould be set up. Temperatures ought to be controlled and observed utilizing aligned checking gadgets and records of temperature and cautions, were material, ought to be maintained.Monitoring is directed at focuses speaking to the boundaries of the temperature go dependent on temperature mapping. These drug stores utilized cooler to store Temperature delicate medications. Floor temperature: 59-86 F and refigeration: 40-42 Change of climate: Changes in climate are likewise impact on stock. These pharmaceutical outlets change their request as indicated by the necessity. Like he offer of brufen syrup and zyrtec tablets is increment in winter season that’s why drug store professional store greater amount of these prescriptions other then daily schedule in winter season. Human blunder: When specialist visit these drug stores they fou nd that some time drug store professional commit error for recording stock of any medication like real stock is 101 pieces and drug store expert record 110 bits of stock in PC programming. There is consistently probability of human mistake so there is need of confirmation of every unit with request receipt Inventory Types:These Pharmacies give various types of medications to it’s clients like infusions, tablets, syrup, container, syringe and trickles etc†¦ When the examination bunch visits Servaid and Fazal Din Pharmacy they found that these drug stores additionally give other retail items like beautifiers and some other general store products.References: Fazal Din Pharmacy, Guardian Pharmacy, Servaid Pharmacy, Pharmacy Managenet By: Shane P. Desselle and David P. Zgarrick Financial Management for Pharmacists By: Andrew L. Wilson The Pharmacy Informatics Primer By: Doina Dumitru referenceforbusiness. com/the board/Int-Loc/Inventory-Management. html

Tom of Maines Success Essay Example

Tom of Maines Success Essay Presentation: Tom’s of Maine makes powerful close to home consideration items utilizing basic, normal fixings got from plants and minerals. Tom’s of Maine items toothpaste, mouthwash, floss, antiperspirant, and cleanser don't contain fake sugars, additives, hues, flavors, or creature fixings; are tried for security and viability without the utilization of creatures; are biodegradable; and are bundled in earth-accommodating ways. Our way of thinking of â€Å"Natural Care† guides us in making the right decision for our clients, representatives, networks, and condition. They satisfy the Natural, Then Tom’s of Maine was moving past wellbeing food stores and into general stores and drugstores, where 70 percent of toothpaste is bought. Indeed, even as Tom’s item dissemination extended across the nation, the company’s advertising procedure was relaxed. Care strategic giving 10% of our benefits to beneficent associations; by urging our representatives to utilize 5% of their paid time in charitable effort; by sticking to our measures of common, supportable, and mindful; and by not testing on creatures. Tom’s of Maine items and bundling are intended to be maintainable and recyclable. Every year, Tom’s utilizes bundling made of 100% reused paper board. The quantity of customers inspired by regular individual items is developing quickly, energized principally by customers making buys dependent on their wellbeing and health esteems. This huge and developing section of the populace is 57 million in number. Tom’s of Maine’s insightful, energetic, naturally mindful purchasers have been looking for and getting 100% satisfaction for right around 40 years. 1. Fundamentally talk about what direction of deduction about moral conduct best depicts Tom’s of Maine and its originator, Tom Chappell? We will compose a custom article test on Tom of Maines Success explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Tom of Maines Success explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Tom of Maines Success explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Moral conduct is acting in manners that are predictable with one’ individual qualities and the regularly held estimations of the association and society, A notoriety for moral choices fabricates trust in your business among business partners and providers. Tom Chappell devoted himself to making an organization that produces characteristic items in a mindful and imaginative workplace. Tom Chappell would like to set a case of moral business norms for other people. His first book, The Soul of a Business: Managing for Profit and the Common Good, set a functional yet amazing new motivation for moral and beneficial business initiative. Like the organization he pilots, Tom Chappell has gotten numerous honors including the â€Å"New Englander Award† supported by the Small Business Association of New England, 1991 â€Å"Entrepreneur of the Year† from CNBC and 1995 â€Å"Socially Responsible New England Entrepreneur of the Year† by the Entrepreneur of the Year Institute. Tom’s of Maine has been named one of the â€Å"100 Best Companies in the U. S. for Working Mothers† by Working Mother magazine and one of the â€Å"Top 10 Healthiest Companies† by Health magazine. Tom’s of Maine has gotten the lofty â€Å"Corporate Conscience Award for Charitable Contributions† from the Council on Economic Priorities. Tom Chappell is dynamic in numerous social and charitable associations, among them: the Dean’s Council for Harvard Divinity School, the Advisory Council for the Center for the Study of Values in Public Life at Harvard Divinity School, The Nature Conservancy of Maine, and the Washington National Cathedral National Advisory Group. Tom’s of Maine separates itself from different organizations by focusing on the â€Å"common good† in the entirety of its undertakings. The organization is enthusiastically worried about corporate health, client wellbeing, item wellbeing, network and ecological health, and worker health. In late 2000 the organization propelled Tom’s Online Wellness Store to make its full product offering accessible to clients around the world. Among other client arranged exercises, Tom’s uses the administrations of a health warning chamber and gives wellbeing training. Tom’s of Maine rehearses stewardship through its promise to normal, feasible, and mindful fixings, items, and bundling. In grasping the way of thinking of â€Å"doing great by doing well† Tom’s has kept on creating noteworthy business results that confirm a progressing stream of corporate health. In monetary year 2001, Tom’s deals surpassed $35 million, which straightforwardly mirrors the kept reinforcing of its different product offerings. Tom Chappell had his own perspectives which made him work unquestionably towards the best with his moral conduct. Sweet, Franklyn (1964). 2. Examine basically what potential quandary did Tom Chappell face in the mid-1980? Tom Chappell’s center around developing his organization had again positioned him up front in the primary concern situated universe of free enterprise, the dislike for which had once determined him to move from Philadelphia to Maine. As yet addressing whether such a life was genuinely important, he took a crack at Harvard Divinity School in 1986, to which he would make a twice-week by week, 90-mile drive. Following five years of study, he earned a master’s qualification in Theology. Chappell, a regular open speaker, proceeded to distribute a book in 1993 called The Soul of a Business: Managing for Profit and the Public Good, which delineated his thoughts on running an organization with a solid arrangement of individual morals. His quest for an additional qualities based way to deal with business likewise prompted another glance at the company’s mission, which was inspected over a year’s time starting in June 1989. Info was looked for from the whole workforce, and a multifaceted arrangement of objectives was at long last settled upon, which characterized the company’s reason as making a benefit while moving in the direction of the benefit of everyone. Tom’s would now put an a lot more grounded accentuation on holding fast to its guiding principle, which had started to retreat away from plain sight during the mid 1980s, when various â€Å"M. B. A. s† were employed to â€Å"professionalize† the organization. Despite the fact that it required some investment for the new statement of purpose to grab hold, the organization was eventually rejuvenated by the way toward actualizing it. One unordinary side-effect of the new crucial the choice to â€Å"tithe† 5 percent of Tom’s of Maine’s benefits and give the cash to ecological, expressions, and human needs causes. This figure before long became 7 percent, and afterward 10. Notwithstanding open giving, the organization additionally took care of the government assistance of its workers, offering them retirement reserve funds and benefit sharing projects, childcare benefits, and parental leave, and even free natural product to eat at work. Assembly line laborers pivoted stations each hour to dodge weakness and fatigue, and all were urged to perform humanitarian effort in the Kennebunk people group on organization time. The firm’s corporate qualities were tried in 1992 after the organization reformulated its famous characteristic antiperspirant. The new form, which dispensed with oil based goods and included glycerin and lichen, end up being ineffectual for about portion of clients, who whined to Tom’s. In October of that year the organization reviewed the item at an expense of $375,000. The old equation was reestablished, and clients who had written to grumble were given substitutes and coupons for cash back on their next buy. The reviewed antiperspirant, less viable however not pointless, was given to an association that disseminated it to the destitute. The company’s conveyance by the mid 1980’s was still to some degree restricted, regardless of the considerable number of hardships the organization didn't lose trust and continued working till they got achievement. Anof, (1965), Chandler, Alfred (1962). 3. Fundamentally assess how significant were Tom Chappell’s individual perspectives in encouraging Tom’s of Maine to be effective? Following the fruitful presentation of its toothpaste, the organization started to include other individual consideration items, including antiperspirant, mouthwash, and shaving cream, all made with normal fixings and without testing on creatures. In 1978 the Chappell’s chose to build up a line of fluoride toothpaste a disputable thought in the regular nourishments commercial center. The move was a triumph, be that as it may, and deals of fluoride toothpaste overshadowed those of the first recipe inside two years, during which time Tom’s toothpaste deals multiplied. In 1981 the company’s name was changed to Tom’s of Maine, Inc. By 1983 the firm’s yearly incomes were drawing nearer $2 million. Perceiving that supported development would require new outlets for its products, the organization started to look for dispersion to chain stores. The years that Chappell invested as a section energy understudy at the Divinity School carried him to another comprehension of his job. â€Å"For the first run through in my vocation, I had the language I expected to discuss my bean-counters† he clarified. He understood that his organization was his service. †I’m here to succeed. In any case, there’s a qualifier. It’s not to prevail no matter what; it’s to prevail as indicated by my standards. † One unmistakable outcome was the improvement of a statement of purpose for the organization that reflected both the company’s business goals and its promise to social duty. This archive illuminated the qualities that would manage the organization later on. It secured the sorts of items requested and the requirement for common fixings and high caliber. It additionally included regard for workers a

How to Apply for Fewer Jobs ( Land More Interviews)

How to Apply for Fewer Jobs ( Land More Interviews) Most of us have a friend or know someone who plays the lottery. This person is always full of hope, praying that they will one day chance upon the lucky numbers that will change their lives forever.While most of us know someone who plays the lottery, most of us do not personally know someone who has actually won the lottery. What do you think it takes to win the lottery? Do you think your friend might get lucky if he or she buys more tickets?One of the things I have noticed while talking to job seekers is that many job seekers treat job hunting like playing the lottery. Like the friend we talked about above, they think that they will increase their chances of landing a job by sending out more applications.What they do not realize is that there is a huge difference between job hunting and playing the lottery. Playing the lottery is a game of chance.The more tickets our friend buys, the higher his chances of winning, though the increase is only marginal. Other than buying more tickets, there is nothing else our friend can do to increase his chances of winning. It’s all blind luck.Job hunting, on the other hand, is more about strategy than chance. How many times have you heard someone say, “I have sent 150 job applications and I am yet to get a single reply!”? What these people forget is that, just like the lottery, sending out more applications only results in a marginal increase in your chances of getting a job.There is a story about a director of a national nonprofit who felt that his work had become redundant and therefore decided to search for a new challenge. Like any other person searching for new opportunities, the director started sending out applications, mostly to well-known tech companies like Google, Facebook and Slack. After a while, it became clear to him that he was getting no responses because his applications were being screened by robots (applicant tracking systems).Not one to give up quickly, he decided to build his own robot to aggregate hiring managers’ contact information and automatically send out customized emails accompanied by a cover letter and resume to these hiring managers.The first time he run his robot, it applied to about 1300 jobs in a matter of few minutes. After refining the robot even further, it applied to another 538 jobs over the course of three months. With such a huge number of applications, it comes as a surprise to hear that he did not get a single interview invitation.This experiment by the director is a clear indication that job hunting is not a numbers game. Data from Indeed also shows that applicants who send out the highest number of applications are 39% less likely to get hired.So, what exactly is the secret behind a successful job search?The key to increasing your chances of success in job hunting is not in sending out more applications, but rather sending out better applications.Hiring managers are usually bombarded with hundreds of applications, therefore if you don’t take time to send high quality, personalized applications, all your efforts will end up in the trash bin.By applying to fewer jobs, you can then focus on ensuring that your applications are highly targeted and of the highest quality.Below is a strategy that you can use to send fewer but better job applications and land more interviews.DEFINE YOUR DESIRED ROLEThe first step in your job search should be to define who you really are. When searching for a job, many people have a hard time deciding what exactly they want to do. They think the best approach is to take whatever job comes their way.However, this is a very ineffective approach. If you want to market yourself well to potential employers, you need to know who you are and what skills you are marketing. Think about your education and qualifications, your background and your passions. Use these factors to come up with your preferred job title.For instance, if you just graduated from college with a degree in information technology, there ar e several paths available to you. You can work as an IT consultant, a health IT specialist, a computer forensic investigator, a cloud architect, a software developer, an IT support analyst, a network administrator, a cyber-security specialist, and so on.This does not mean that you should apply for all these jobs. Pick one that you want to focus on. For example, if you decide to focus on being a computer forensic investigator, build that as your personal brand.Start building skills that are specific to computer forensic investigators and highlight these skills in your CV. Any person you interact with professionally should know that you are a computer forensic investigator, not an IT guy.CREATE A LIST OF TARGET COMPANIESOnce you have defined your desired role, the next step is to come up with a list of 10 â€" 15 target companies that you would like to work for. This is a strange concept for many job seekers.Most job seekers think that they will attract more employer interest by castin g a wider net. This seldom works. Instead of sending out applications to a diverse range of employers, you should focus your efforts on a narrow segment of employers who are actually interested in the skills you have to offer.Job hunting is a lot like marketing. You have skills that you want to sell to employers. Job hunting is the process by which you market these skills to potential employers. Now, in traditional marketing, there are marketers who create a product and then try to market it to ‘whoever might be interested in the product’.However, smart marketers don’t do this. Smart marketers do their research, find out what customers are interested in, tweak their product to match customer preferences and then market the product to a highly targeted segment of consumers who have a high chance of buying the product. By doing this, their marketing is more effective and they end up with a higher return for each dollar they spend in marketing.Similarly, marketing yourself to a h ighly targeted segment of employers will make your job search efforts more effective. Targeting your job search will also lead to jobs that are more rewarding and best suited to your strengths.To start building your list of target companies, start by creating a broad list of some great companies within your industry. Below are some ideas on how to identify companies that will go into this list:Brainstorm a list of companies that are leaders in your industry.Look at companies that did business with your current or former employers and find those that might need someone with your expertise.Check out “best of” lists in business journals and websites.Do a geographical search for companies within your geographical location that might need someone with your skill set.Brainstorm a list of companies that are in line with your hobbies and passions.Get ideas from co-workers who share your interests.Once you have created this broad list, it’s time to go through the list and identify 10 â €" 15 companies within the list that you would actually be interested in working for. Below are some considerations you should keep in mind when creating a list of target companies you would like to work for:Type of employer: what type of organization do you prefer? Do you want to work in large companies or smaller organizations? Do you want to work in the private or public sector? What industries are you interested in working in? For instance, with an IT degree, one person might choose to work in the health industry, another in business and another in the tech industry.Skills and experience: Which employers would provide the best value to your unique set of skills, experiences and strengths?Company culture: Does the culture of the company align with your preferences? Do you want to work in a company with a free spirited, fun culture, or are you more comfortable with the conventional corporate culture? Keep in mind that company culture will have a big effect on your job satisfaction .Advancement opportunities: Will the company provide you with career advancement opportunities? You don’t want to work for a company where your career will stagnate.Geographic preferences: Are you willing to relocate, or are you looking for a job within your home area? What length of commute are you comfortable with? It makes no sense applying for a job that requires you to relocate if you are not willing to relocate.RESEARCH YOUR TARGET COMPANIESOnce you have identified 10 â€" 15 companies to target, the next thing you need to do is to research these companies. Go through company websites and find out all you can about these companies. The information you uncover here will come in handy once you start crafting your application. Many company websites also have a vacancies section that will show you whether there are any positions that are currently open.Go through the companies’ LinkedIn profiles as well. LinkedIn is a great resource that will help you discover information such as open positions and company executives (this is a good way of identifying the hiring manager). LinkedIn can help you create a connection with contacts who can then help you get your foot in the door once you send your application.Other resources you can use to research your target companies include company social media profiles, review sites like Glassdoor.com and YELP, company databases like Hoovers, AtoZ databases and Reference USA, Google search, and professional association and industry websites.Why should you go through all this trouble? Is it worth it?Researching your target companies is totally worth it. The information gained in this stage will help you:Identify open positions and discover unadvertised job positions.Identify how your skills, qualifications and experiences can help the target companies overcome their current challenges.Determine how to align your personal brand with the company’s needs.Craft a cover letter and resume that will resonate with the company.Ma ke important connections with key decision makers who can help you get your foot through the door.Come across as an informed, knowledgeable candidate once you are invited for an interview.EVALUATE JOB LISTINGSI mentioned that one of the benefits of the research phase is that it will help you identify open positions posted either on the company website, LinkedIn, or their social media pages. Now is the time to send applications to all relevant openings, right? Not so fast!Before you start sending applications, you need to evaluate the openings that are relevant to you and find out if you should really send that application. Go through the job descriptions once again. Here, you should confirm that two things about the job are right â€" your level of competence and your level of excitement.In other words, you should confirm that you are qualified for the job and that you actually want to do the job. If you are not qualified, then it beats logic sending the application, because it’s o bvious that you won’t get hired. And if you are not actually excited about the job, then it means you won’t be satisfied with the job even if you get it. Be honest with yourself here.NOTE: You can still send an application even if no open position has been advertised by the company, but you still need to ensure that you are qualified and excited about whatever position you are applying for.If you are qualified and excited about the job, it’s now time to move to the last step.CUSTOMIZING YOUR RESUME AND COVER LETTER FOR THE APPLICATIONAt the start of this article, I mentioned that the secret to increasing your chances of getting invited to interviews is to send better applications. The key to sending better applications is to make sure that your applications are customized and targeted to the specific job you are applying for.The problem with sending numerous applications is that you cannot possibly customize each application to the job you are applying for. Obviously, a generi c application will not meet any individual employer’s requirements, so you will be playing a losing game.The information you gained during the research phase will be very useful in this phase. It will help you ensure that your resume and cover letter are totally aligned with the needs of the employer, which will in turn increase your chances of getting hired.It will also show the hiring manager that you took some time and effort to research about the company and customize your application. This shows that you are a professional who is willing to put in the effort to get the job done. Question is, how do you ensure that your application is customized and highly targeted?Customizing Your ResumeBelow are some tips on how to tweak your resume to match a particular job application:Title: The first thing that shows whether a resume is customized or generic is the resume title. You should ensure that the title on your resume matches the title used in the job listing. The title should app ear immediately below or next to your name. This will make it clear at a glance what role you are applying for. For instance, if the employer advertised for the role of a “Senior Network Administrator”, these are the exact words you should use in your resume title. This shows that you have taken the time to customize your resume for the position and that you are clear about job goals. If you are applying for a job that has not been advertised, you resume title should show the role you are interested in.Objective: Many job seekers make the mistake of using a generic objective in their resumes. If you look at most resumes, you will notice people using objectives like “To build a long term career in the web development industry and work with a company with opportunities for career growth.” This is a very generic objective that will do little to help your job search. A good objective statement should be specifically targeted to the open position. For instance, instead of the abo ve objective, you can write, “Seeking to use my web development skills to help ABC Web Design Company become the leading provider of web development services.Qualifications: Since you have already researched the employer’s requirements, you should ensure that your qualifications are well matched with these requirements. If some of your qualifications are not specific to the position you are applying for, remove them from your resume.Job experiences: Don’t just state your previous jobs. In the descriptions section, highlight aspects of these jobs that make you specifically qualified for the job you are applying for.Skills: The skills listed on your resume should also be matched with the exact skills listed in the job listing. Not only will this position you a good fit for the job, it will also help you pass safely through Applicant Tracking Systems. For instance, let’s assume an employer has listed the following skill requirement:Skills: Advanced knowledge of Adobe applicatio ns (Photoshop, Illustrator, After Effects)In such a situation, you might be tempted to write that you have a solid knowledge of Adobe Creative Suite, which covers all the above software applications. However, omitting these keywords â€" Photoshop, Illustrator, and After Effects â€" can prevent your resume from going through the ATS, which means that it will not be seen by the hiring manager, even if you are highly qualified.Customize Your Cover LetterBelow are some tips on how to tweak your cover letter to match a particular job application:Address it to the hiring manager: The more personal the cover letter, the better your chances of making an impression on the hiring manager. As part of your research phase, you should try to find out as much as you can about whoever is responsible for hiring. You can even make a phone call to the company to find out the name of the hiring manager. You should then make sure that your cover letter is addressed to this person.Use name dropping to yo ur advantage: If you are acquainted with someone within the company, don’t be afraid to mention it in your cover letter. Before doing this, it’s wise to talk to this person and ask them to recommend you for the job. Name dropping can especially be useful if the company has an Employee Referral Program.Mention how you learned about the opening: This should come in the first paragraph of your cover letter. If you found the job listing on the company website, on LinkedIn, or through a job board, make sure to mention it. To make your cover letter even better, you can mention something about the company (such as the company mission statement) in the first paragraph of your cover letter.Don’t forget to mention your qualifications: In as much as the cover letter should not repeat what is in your resume, it should mention your qualifications and show why they are the right fit for what the company is seeking.Say why you want the job and why: Finally, don’t forget to mention what ins pired you to apply for the job. This provides you with an opportunity to show your passion for the job and speak more about that particular company. Explain why you want to work for this particular company. Use the information you gathered in the research phase to tie the company mission to your personal goals.WRAPPING UPThat’s it!By following the strategies, you will be able to turn your job search on its head. Instead of applying to every remotely relevant job you come across and getting zero responses for all your efforts, you can improve your chances of success by narrowing your focus and sending out fewer but highly targeted applications.Simply decide what role you want, identify target companies you would love to work for, research about these companies, evaluate the job listings, and then customize and send your applications to jobs that you are qualified for and excited about.Do this and you will start seeing more success in your job search.

Crohns Disease Essay - 1159 Words

Crohn’s Disease was named after an American gastroenterologist, Dr. Burrill Bernard Crohn, in 1932. He and his colleagues discovered an abnormal pathogen, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis while studying a related disease, ulcerative colitis, which belongs to a larger group if illnesses called Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). The discovery was made while studying the effects of ulcerative colitis in cattle and noticing the similar characteristics in humans. The infections had an abnormal response with the body’s immune system in both the cattle and humans. So what is Crohn’s Disease? It isn’t a physically crippling disease a person may visually see upon first glance when meeting another individual. It is a debilitating disorder that†¦show more content†¦Men and women are affected equally with the Jewish population having the highest probability of frequent cases. Historically, this disease has been predominantly of Caucasian decent but recently there has been an increase among African Americans with approximately 500,000 struck with the disease each year. Doctors often misdiagnose the disease with other illnesses such as Irritable Bowel Syndrome or ulcerative colitis. (framnews, 2011) The direct cause of this disease is unknown although several theories do exist; immune system problems, genetics or environmental factors. Most experts believe that genetics and intestinal bacteria are the developing factors of the disease. Theoretically, the adaptive immune system of an otherwise healthy individual will try to compensate for a deficient innate immune system creating white blood cells to destroy helpful microbes which inadvertently tear down the lining of the intestines causing ulcers, scar tissue and narrowing of the lumen within the intestine causing blockage. ( meded, 2010) Genetically, research has found a gene, NOD2, which produces a mutation and is linked to autoimmune diseases like Crohn’s. Complications of Crohn’s may include bowel obstructions, ulcers, fistulas, malnutrition, anal fissures, colon cancer and other health problems. The bowel may become thickened and narrowed disallowing digestive contents to exitShow MoreRelatedNo Cure for Crohns Disease1607 Words   |  6 PagesThere is no known cure for Crohns disease (CD). However, several treatment options are available to relieve the symptoms associated with the disease, ranging from dietary modification to medication and surgery (Steinhart, 2012). Diet and Nutrition: Nutrition is an important factor for patients with Crohn’s disease, and plays a big role in the management of inflammatory bowel disease and its symptoms by maintaining general health during times of disease activity and remission (Filippi et al., 2006)Read MoreCrohns Disease Essay1762 Words   |  8 Pages Crohn’s disease is a chronic condition that affects a person’s digestive system with no known cause. When Crohn’s disease strikes, it can affect any part of your digestive system ranging from your mouth, all the way to your anus. Crohn’s disease is chronic and there is no known cure for this condition. So basically, once someone is diagnosed with this condition, they might as well get used to living out the remainder of their life being affected by Crohn’s disease. Crohn’s is not, shallRead MoreInflammatory Bowel Disease/ Crohns Disease Essay1899 Words   |  8 PagesInflammatory Bowel Disease/ Crohns Disease Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic disorders that cause inflammation or ulceration in the small and large intestines. Most often IBD is classified as ulcerative colitis or Crohns disease but may be referred to as colitis, enteritis, ileitis, and proctitis. Ulcerative colitis causes ulceration and inflammation of the inner lining of a couple of really bad places, while Crohns disease is an inflammation that extends into the deeperRead MoreEssay on Analysis of Crohns Disease1176 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of Crohns Disease An inflammatory bowel disease is characterized by intermittent and recurrent abdominal pain associated with ulceration in bowel function. Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic disorders that cause inflammation or ulceration in the small and large intestines. Most often, inflammatory bowel disease is classified as ulceration colitis or Crohn’s disease but may be referred to as colitis, enteritis, ileitis, or proctitis (Crohns disease-website). Crohn’s diseaseRead MoreThe Impacts of Crohns Disease on Daily Life722 Words   |  3 PagesAlthough people may believe that disease comes from germs and viruses around them, but with Crohn’s disease that is not the case. Crohn’s is an inflammatory bowel disease that affects the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This disease can form, inflame, anywhere from your stomach to small intestine. Patients who struggle with Crohn’s usually would need a lifetime of care just to contain the disease; there is still not a cure, but it impacts their daily schedule. Crohn’s is a disease doctors are still to findRead MoreResearch Paper on Crohns Disease1064 Words   |  5 PagesResearch paper Crohns disease is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It causes inflammation of the lining of your digestive tract, which can lead to abdominal pain, severe diarrhea and even malnutrition. Inflammation caused by Crohns disease can involve different areas of the digestive tract in different people. The inflammation caused by Crohns disease often spreads deep into the layers of affected bowel tissue. Like ulcerative colitis, another common IBD, Crohns disease can be both painfulRead MoreTaking a Look at Crohns Disease1552 Words   |  6 Pages Crohn’s Diseases is a idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease, of the gastro intestinal tract from the mouth to the anus. Crohns has an effect on people in many different forms and fashion from physiological to psychological. Depression is a major factor that comes into play with this (IBD). Patients live on the edge from day to day when dealing with spontaneous episodes of diarrhea and chronic abdominal pains. Clients may show a lack of interest in the social aspect of life due to illness, and mayRead MoreCrohnS Disease . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . By: Elizabeth1594 Words   |  7 Pages Crohn s Disease By: Elizabeth Nazginov 8G1 Due: April 5th 2017 Crohn s disease is one of two conditions referred to by the term Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). The other condition that is referred to as an IBD is called Ulcerative Colitis. Both Crohn’s and Ulcerative Colitis are conditions that cause recurring or persistent inflammation in one or more sections of the intestine. The literal definition ofRead MoreEssay on Overview of Crohns Disease1298 Words   |  6 PagesDescription Crohn’s disease is chronic inflammatory disease of the intestines however affects the entire digestive system, from the mouth to the anus otherwise known as the Gastrointestinal Tract (GI Tract) [1]. Individuals affected by the disease are often young adults and adolescents aged 15 – 35 [7]. Crohn’s Disease is one of the two types of Inflammatory Bowel Disorders (IBD), the other being ulcerative colitis [3] and is usually located in the lower part of the small intestines and the upperRead MoreCrohns Disease is Inflammation in the Digestive System Essay709 Words   |  3 PagesCrohn’s disease is a life-long condition effecting victims of any age. It is considered a form of an inflammatory bowel disease that causes inflammation in the digestive system. The cause of the disease is unknown. The inflammation is due to the immune system attacking the healthy cells throughout the body’s gastrointestinal tract. The exact causes of Crohn’s disease remain unknown, but most believe that factors that contribute to the disease may include genetics, immune system, environment, etc

Should Zoos Keep Endangered Species

According to the Endangered Species Act, the definition of an endangered species is â€Å"any species which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.† Zoos are widely regarded as guardians of endangered species, so why do animal rights activists claim the zoos are abusive and cruel? Endangered Species and Animal Rights Endangered species are an environmental issue, but not necessarily an animal rights issue. From an environmental perspective, a blue whale is more deserving of protection than a cow because blue whales are endangered and the loss of a single blue whale may impact the survivability of the species. The ecosystem is a network of interdependent species, and when a species becomes extinct, the loss of that species in the ecosystem could threaten other species. But from an animal rights standpoint, a blue whale is no more or less deserving of life and liberty than a cow because both are sentient individuals. Blue whales should be protected because they are sentient beings, and not solely because the species is endangered. Animal Activists Oppose Keeping Endangered Species in Zoos Individual animals have sentience and therefore have rights. However, the whole species has no sentience, so a species has no rights. Keeping endangered animals in zoos infringes on those individuals’ rights to freedom. Infringing the rights of individuals because it benefits the species is wrong because a species is not an entity with its own rights. Additionally, removing breeding individuals from the wild population further endangers the wild population. Endangered plants are kept similarly in captivity, but these programs are not controversial because plants are widely believed not to be sentient. Endangered plants have no desire to roam and frequently thrive in captivity, unlike their animal counterparts. Furthermore, plant seeds can be kept in storage for hundreds of years into the future, for the purpose of â€Å"release† back into the wild if their natural habitat ever recovers. Zoo Breeding Programs Even if a zoo operates a breeding program for an endangered species, those programs do not excuse the infringement on the rights of the individual animals to be free. The individual animals are suffering in captivity for the good of the species—but again a species is an entity that does not suffer or have rights. Zoo breeding programs produce the many baby animals that attract the public, but this leads to surplus animals. Contrary to popular belief, the vast majority of zoo breeding programs do not release individuals back into the wild. Instead, the individuals are destined to live their lives in captivity. Some are even sold to circuses, to canned hunting facilities (fenced in areas), or for​ slaughter. In 2008, an emaciated Asian elephant named Ned was confiscated from circus trainer Lance Ramos and transferred to the Elephant Sanctuary in Tennessee. Asian elephants are endangered, and Ned had been born at Busch Gardens, which is accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums. But neither the endangered status nor the zoos accreditation stopped Busch Gardens from selling Ned to a circus. Zoo Breeding Programs and Loss of Wild Habitat Many species are endangered because of loss of habitat. As human beings continue to multiply, and urban communities continue to expand, we destroy wild habitat. Many environmentalists and animal advocates believe that habitat protection is the best way to protect endangered species. If a zoo operates a breeding program for an endangered species while there are insufficient habitats for that species in the wild, there is no hope that releasing individuals will replenish the wild population. The programs are creating a situation where small breeding colonies will exist in captivity without any benefit to the wild populations, which will continue to dwindle until extinction. Despite the small populations in zoos, the species has been effectively removed from the ecosystem, which defeats the purpose of protecting endangered species from an environmental standpoint. Zoos v. Extinction Extinction is a tragedy. It is a tragedy from an environmental standpoint because other species may suffer and because it may indicate an environmental problem such as loss of wild habitat or climate change. It is also a tragedy from an animal rights standpoint because it means that sentient individuals probably suffered and died untimely deaths. However, from an animal rights standpoint, extinction in the wild is not an excuse to continue keeping individuals in captivity. As explained above, the survival of the species does not justify the loss of freedom for the individuals in captivity. Sources Armstrong, Susan J., and Richard G. Botzler (eds). The Animal Ethics Reader, 3rd ed. New York: Routledge, 2017.Bostock, Stephen St. C. Zoos and Animal Rights. London: Routledge, 2003.  Norton, Bryan G., Michael Hutchins, Elizabeth F. Stevens, and Terry L. Maple (eds). Ethics on the Ark: Zoos, Animal Welfare, and Wildlife Conservation. New York: Smithsonian Institution, 1995.

To Be a Doll Essay - 1328 Words

In the play â€Å"A Dolls House† by Henrik Ibsen, the character of Nora uses the phrase â€Å"the most wondrous thing† to refer to something she has done outside of her husband’s knowledge and what she imagines his reaction will be when he finds out. Throughout the play Nora wants to be and to remain only a doll to her husband and acts with utter childish selfishness when she cannot maintain her romantic illusions by keeping secrets, performing kid like distractions, and running away from her problems. Nora, with the best of intentions, has caught herself and her family in a legal trap caused by her disregard of the law, when she forges her father’s signature on a bond. In her conversation she first discusses with Mrs. Linde â€Å"Yes, a wonderful†¦show more content†¦Ibsen shows that Torvald controls his wife to the point that he specifies what she is to eat. He shows this when Torvald asks Nora â€Å"Hasnt Miss Sweet Tooth been breaking rules in town today?† (I.6). Noras resulting childish rebellion shows later when she secretly eats a macaroon or two she had hidden in her pocket. Torvald also asks Nora about household money and how she seems to spend it all when he says â€Å"You are an odd little soul. Very like your father. You always find some new way of wheedling money out of me, and, as soon as you have got it, it seems to melt in your hands† (I.6). The character Torvald is voicing his personal beliefs when talks about the way she spends money as being more a part of her heredity and beyond her control due to her sex rather than a learned personal habit. Men of that era and to some extent now, believed that women are simply on the level of a child just by being a woman. Thereby women are incapable of adult understanding; much less responsible for their own actions. Nora comes to the realization that her deceit is soon to come back to her. In her desperate situation she comes up with one scheme after another in an attempt to distract her husband, so that he does not find out what she has done. She tries to pick the lock in the letter drop. She begs for Torvald to pay attention to her instead of his business. She even dances poorly so that sheShow MoreRelatedDoll : A Doll1637 Words   |  7 PagesSerena im glad I found you. You wont believe what just happened! Alex frantically said. Alex. So glad you could make it. Serena said meanly crossing her arms. Look Im sorry I missed you. Chaka- Alex motioned back with a thumb. Serena looked like she wasnt having it. She put her hand on her hip with a slightly disapproving look. Then he realized what she was wearing. She looked amazing in the deep red skirt and corset that showed off plenty of her chest. Wow you look incredible- I meanRead MoreDolls and New Heritage Doll3976 Words   |  16 Pages4212 SEPTEMBER 15, 2010 TIMOTHY LUEHRMAN HEIDE ABELLI In mid-September of 2010, Emily Harris, vice president of New Heritage Doll Company’s production division, was weighing project proposals for the company’s upcoming capital budgeting meetings in October. Two proposals stood out based on their potential to strengthen the division’s innovative product lines and drive future growth. However, due to constraints on financial and managerial resources, Harris knew it was possible that theRead MoreA Doll s House : Dolls2775 Words   |  12 Pages A Doll’s House: Dolls in Real Life Introduction Today, the accepted roles of both women and men judged by society’s expectations is an extremely controversial topic. Feminism is a battle that many women are fighting, because even though today’s women can be and accomplish almost anything, men often play the more superior role in many relationships. The role of women has been viewed differently throughout different points in history and in different areas. However, many people don t realize thatRead MoreA Doll s House : Dolls2775 Words   |  12 Pages A Doll’s House: Dolls in Real Life Introduction Today, the accepted roles of both women and men judged by society’s expectations is an extremely controversial topic. Feminism is a battle that many women are fighting, because even though today’s women can be and accomplish almost anything, men often play the more superior role in many relationships. The role of women has been viewed differently throughout different points in history and in different areas. However, many people don t realizeRead MoreThe Youngest Doll1174 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Mason Lewis Dr. Taylor English 110 7, March 2014 The Youngest Doll Throughout the year we have read many stories where reality and fantasy come into question. Once again we have this same problem with â€Å"The Youngest Doll†. What makes us question reality or fantasy in the story is the vivid description the author gives of the dolls that the aunt makes for the girls. With the description of the â€Å"wax mask of the child’s face† or the â€Å"porcelain of the hands and face†, it gives off the allusionRead Morea dolls house1153 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ A Doll’s House South University Ibsen’s a doll house centers around a time where men worked and women were the care givers of the home. In a Doll’s House there were some major points made that eventually led up to that one defining moment. The defining moment for me was when Nora decided that she no longer wants to live the lifestyle of being the â€Å"doll†. It starts with Torvalds reading the letter about her borrowing the money and Nora’s secret is finally exposedRead MoreA Doll HOuse941 Words   |  4 PagesIn the play A Doll House, there are many references pertaining how a woman was expected to behave and how men were expected to behave in the time that this play was written. Nora’s character first appears to be very â€Å"female†. For an example, she doesn’t have a real job, she spends money carelessly, and she say and do things to make her appear very dependent on Torvald. On the other end Torvald her husband, makes the money for the family and he appears to be the nice one in the house. Role playingRead MoreDoll House799 Words   |  4 Pagestransferred from papa’s hands into yours. You arranged everything according to your own taste, and so I got the same tastes as your else I pretended to† (III. 142). Nora is a woman made to be a doll, and she plays the role with lies and misdeeds. Nora again demonstrates the lack of opinion. Nora’s life as a deceptive doll is further showcased by the dangerous decisions she makes. Nora takes out a fraudulent loan against her father’s name because she wants something and cannot have it. Nora realizes theRead MorePlastic Doll655 Words   |  3 PagesPlastic Doll 1. What is the difference between energy and power? What is a unit of power? How does speed relate to power? .energy is the ability of doing work while power is the rate at whch work is done unit of power = Watts = 1J/s power = force * velocity 2. Explain how a sound is actually a form of energy? In what medium do sound waves travel? The longitudinal waves generated by sound will create a wave that transfers at some rate , corresponds to transfer of energy. They travelRead MoreNew Heritage Doll1375 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿New Heritage Doll 1. Compute the Free Cash Flows for the years 2010 to 2020 for both projects See excel File attached. Assumptions: * We assumed the required working capital in table 2 and 3 is the amount required in 2010, for further years we computed the WCR based on the ratio’s of minimum cash balance, number of days sales outstanding, inventory turnover and days payable outstanding (deducting the depreciation as instructed) * We assumed the SGA and fixed production costs were project specific

Advanced Financial Accounting and Reporting

Question: Describe about the role of revenue recognition has been recognizing as a crucial part in performance reporting of the organizations? Answer: Introduction The role of revenue recognition has been recognizing as a crucial part in performance reporting of the organizations. The regulations of IASB shows that the companies should make it mandatory for recognizing the correct revenue transactions so that the financial statements are not overstated. The assignment deals in producing a critical review of the journal on the role of revenue recognition in performance reporting (Olsen and Weirich, 2010). Summary The journal critically attempts to evaluate the importance of inclusion of the different types of revenue and incomes in the financial reports. The major reason for this debate is the internet bubble of 1990 that was a result of the revenue showed in the annual reports of the web-based companies. The journal further discusses about the concepts of revenue recognition and the type of information they provide to the financial statement users (Wagenhofer, 2014). For reviewing the journal, it can be suggested that the main problem, which the author highlights within the journal, is the risks and the types of revenue that should be included to make the financial report as per the standards of the IASB. The journal in its latter part also shows an analysis of the improved revenue recognitions standards of IASB (Coe and Delaney, 2013). The revenue recognition concept affects all industries particularly the telecommunications, real estate, biotech, consumer retailers and service industries. Jackling, Howieson and Natoli, (2012) opined that revenue are the main source of income for this types of industries thus the non disclosure of the revenue will affect the financial statement of these industries (Wagenhofer, 2014). Although the journal do not state the concerned stakeholders who are interested in the financial statements, however Munter (2002) argued that the government, customers, suppliers, creditors and the employees will be interested about the financial reports. Although the revenue recognition policy will affect all companies adopting IFRS accounting standards, however the author for the convenience of discussion uses US GAAP as examples. The major problem that the author highlighted is that except for simple business transactions it is difficult for the accountants to recognize the types of revenues that s hould be included in the financial report (www.ey.com, 2015). The other portion of the article also focuses on the alternative options of revenue recognition, the IFRS norms in relation to revenue recognition, the critical factors that contribute to revenue recognition process and the risks involved in the revenue recognition process. The overall article mainly aims in theoretically evaluating the importance of revenue in the organizations rather than focusing on the practical implications of wrong revenue recognition on the financial performance of the organization (Detzen and Zlch, 2012). Key points and critique A critical review of the article shows that the author stressed initially on providing the various concepts of revenue recognition and its influence. However, the negative aspect of the article lies in the descriptive evaluation that the author provides in the conceptual part of the article. The other aspect of the article is the difference between the asset liability approach and the revenue expense approach. The positive aspect of the article is the identification of the critical events that gives rise to recognition. The article shows that the financial reporters and the IASB regulators are striving to promote a single revenue recognition principle that would be adopted globally by all organizations. However, Nobes (2006) suggested that the use of a single principle for all individual revenue transactions would not make the organizations successful in recognizing the revenues and producing an effective financial report. Moreover, the discussion of conservatism within the journal can also be argued. The article states that organizations should forgo the conservative revenue recognition approach introduced by the Security Exchange Commission (SEC) and should totally adopt the neutral recognition principle introduced by FASB. However, Sy, Tinker and Okcabol (2012) argues that use of conservatism approach helps the organizations to record earnings that are also important financial information for the investors. Mostafa Hasanen and Ali Mohamed Abo Talib (2014) also provides evidence to support the fact that conservatism reduces the managers ability to manipulate the financial data in the annual reports (Wagenhofer, 2014). The article also focuses on describing of the critical events that result in recognition of the revenue. Previously the normal and daily transactions like the sales, fees, royalties, interests were treated as sources of revenues. However, the IASB has formulated the standards for the events that will help the organization and the individual to recognize the revenues that are to be recorded in the financial statement (Nobes, 2012). The new standards consider that for a transaction to be recorded as a revenue transaction the organization should show a valid and acceptable contract between the company and the customer. The general principle stated that when the transfer of goods takes place between two parties then the transaction can be recorded as a recognition of revenue. However the IASB standard added that when the party takes the control of the goods or services only then the transaction may be recorded as a revenue transaction and can be recorded. Bellandi (2012) suggested that t his is a good method because at time the good or the services after the transfer of the ownership may be returned back to the supplier. However, in such cases the supplier has already recorded revenue in the financial accounts, which will tend to increase the profit of the business. However if the new policy is followed then the supplier will recorded the revenue after the confirmation of the ownership control of the buyer on the good or service and there will be no prospects of future return. In a positive attempt, the article tries to explore the importance of revenue in determination of the size of the business and future forecasts. Phillips (2011) opined that in majority cases it is seen that the organization forecasts the future revenue based on the past revenue data available. Hence it is very important for the financial analyst to record the correct revenue transactions so that the financial performance is not shown in an exaggerated manner. However Altamuro et al. (2005) contradicted suggesting that the use of the stringent regulations of revenue recognition as guided by the FASB will make decrease the amount of revenue for an organization thereby leading to low forecast rate and reduction in the size of the organization (Cottrell, 2005). Analysis The article shows the relevant points in the context that revenue recognition is an important aspect in financial performance analysis. Some of the factors mentioned within the article are convincing however, there are issues in some of the other viewpoints. The author however seemed unbiased in presentation of the article inputs and purely focused on the arguments and comments of other academic journals (Shamrock, 2012). The importance of revenue recognition in the performance evaluation of companies successfully establishes the main theme of the article (Wagenhofer, 2014). However, the author cannot successfully relate the importance to the industry scenarios. The article is thus not relevant in providing real and global prospects of the importance of revenue recognition. The article shows the alternative concepts of revenue recognition as well and further provides the difference between the revenue-asset approach and the asset-liability approach. However, Ram and Newberry (2013) c ommented that except for theoretical and conceptual difference there is no practical difference between the two approaches. Since the article is not able to provide significant practical examples in the context of the difference between the two approaches hence it can be relatively, concluded that the adoption of either of the two approaches is feasible. The FASB standard suggests that the revenue expense approach is followed by the organizations adopting FASB norms (Caylor, 2010). On the contrary, the asset liability approach deals with recognition of revenue as soon as the revenue arises. In this case, the contract can be partly completed or totally completed. Conclusion Thus a critical evaluation of the alternative approaches shows that since a single approach that is the revenue asset based approach is followed hence the suggestion about two alternative approaches are irrelevant in this context and the presentation of difference between the two concepts is also irrelevant (Barker and McGeachin, 2012). Reference list Altamuro, J., Beatty, A. L., and Weber, J. (2005). The effects of accelerated revenue recognition on earnings management and earnings informativeness: Evidence from SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 101.The Accounting Review,80(2), 373-401. Barker, R. and McGeachin, A. (2012). The Recognition and Measurement of Liabilities in IFRS.SSRN Journal. Bellandi, F. (2012).The handbook to IFRS transition and to IFRS U.S. GAAP dual reporting. Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley. Caylor, R., 2010. Strategic revenue recognition to achieve earnings benchmarks. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 29 (1), 8295 Coe, M. and Delaney, J. (2013). Trabeck prepares for IFRS: An IFRS case study.Journal of Accounting Education, 31(1), pp.53-67. Cottrell, S. (2005) Critical thinking skills. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan Detzen, D. and Zlch, H. (2012). Executive compensation and goodwill recognition under IFRS: Evidence from European mergers.Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 21(2), pp.106-126. Jackling, B., Howieson, B. and Natoli, R. (2012). Some Implications of IFRS Adoption for Accounting Education.Australian Accounting Review, 22(4), pp.331-340. Mostafa Hasanen, S. and Ali Mohamed Abo Talib, D. (2014). A proposed model to address convergence determinants, IFRS FASB: measurement disclosure of revenue recognition "the case of Egypt".International Journal of Academic Research, 6(3), pp.269-285. Munter, P. (2002). Revenue recognition and restructuring continue to receive FASB attention.J. Corp. Acct. Fin., 14(1), pp.77-80. Nobes, C. (2012). On the Definitions of Income and Revenue in IFRS.Accounting in Europe, 9(1), pp.85-94. Nobes, C. W. (2006). Revenue recognition and EU endorsement of IFRS.Accounting in Europe,3(1), 81-89. Olsen, L., and Weirich, T. R. (2010). New revenueà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ recognition model.Journal of Corporate Accounting Finance,22(1), 55-61. Phillips, R. (2011). Efficient frontiers in revenue management.Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management, 11(4), pp.371-385. Ram, R. and Newberry, S. (2013). IFRS FOR SMEs : THE IASB'S DUE PROCESS.Australian Accounting Review, 23(1), pp.3-17. Shamrock, S. (2012).IFRS and US GAAP. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons. Sy, A., Tinker, T. and Okcabol, F. (2012). IFRS and the FASB: a marriage not made in heaven.AJESD, 1(4), p.329. Wagenhofer, A. (2014) The Role of Revenue Recognition in Performance Reporting, Accounting and Business Research, 44:4, 349-379. www.ey.com, (2015).Applying IFRS in Telecommunications. [online] Available at: https://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/Telecommunications_The_revised_revenue_recognition_proposal/$FILE/Applying%20IFRS%20Revised%20revenue%20recognition%20proposal_telecoms.pdf [Accessed 3 Mar. 2015].

All About the Ancient Roman Family

All About the Ancient Roman Family The Roman family was called familia, from which the Latin word family is derived. The familia could include the triad with which we are familiar, two parents and children (biological or adopted), as well as slaves and grandparents. The head of the family (referred to as the pater familias) was in charge of even adult males in the familia. See Jane F. Gardners Family and Familia in Roman Law and Life reviewed by Richard Saller in The American Historical Review, Vol. 105, No. 1. (Feb. 2000), pp. 260-261. Purposes of the Roman Family The Roman family was the basic institution of the Roman people. The Roman family transmitted morality and social status across generations. The family educated its own young. The family tended its own hearth, while the hearth goddess, Vesta, was tended by state priestess called Vestal Virgins. The family needed to continue so that dead ancestors could be honored by their descendants and connections made for political purposes. When this failed to be motive enough, Augustus Caesar offered financial incentives to families to breed. Marriage The wife of the pater familias (the mater familias) might have been considered part of her husbands family or part of her natal family, depending on the conventions of the marriage. Marriages in Ancient Rome could be in manu in the hand or sine manu without the hand. In the former case, the wife became part of her husbands family; in the latter, she remained tied to her family of origin. Divorce and Emancipation When we think of divorce, emancipation, and adoption, we usually think in terms of ending relationships between families. Rome was different. Inter-familial alliances were essential for garnering the support needed for political ends. Divorces could be granted so that partners could remarry into other families to establish new connections, but the family connections established via first marriages need not be broken. Emancipated sons were still entitled to shares of paternal estates. Adoption Adoption also brought families together and allowed continuity to families that would otherwise have no one to carry on the family name. In the unusual case of Claudius Pulcher, adoption into a plebeian family, led by a man younger than himself, allowed Claudius (now using the plebeian name Clodius) to run for election as tribune of the plebs. For information on the adoption of freedmen, see The Adoption of Roman Freedmen, by Jane F. Gardner. Phoenix, Vol. 43, No. 3. (Autumn, 1989), pp. 236-257. Familia vs. Domus In legal terms, familia included all those under the power of the pater familias; sometimes it meant only the slaves. The pater familias was usually the oldest male. His heirs were under his power, as were the slaves, but not necessarily his wife. A boy without a mother or children could be a pater familias. In non-legal terms, the mother/wife could be included in the familia, although the term usually used for this unit was domus, which we translate as home. See Familia, Domus, and the Roman Conception of the Family, by Richard P. Saller. Phoenix, Vol. 38, No. 4. (Winter, 1984), pp. 336-355. Household and Family Religion in Antiquity, edited by John Bodel and Saul M. Olyan Meaning of Domus Domus referred to the physical house, the household, including the wife, ancestors, and descendants. The domus referred to the places where the pater familias exerted his authority or acted as dominus. Domus was also used for the dynasty of the Roman emperor. Domus and familia were often interchangeable. Pater Familias vs. Pater or Parent While pater familias is usually understood as head of the family, it had the primary legal meaning of estate owner. The word itself was usually used in legal contexts and required only that the person be able to possess property. The terms usually used to denote parenting were parens parent, pater father, and mater mother. See Pater Familias, Mater Familias, and the Gendered Semantics of the Roman Household, by Richard P. Saller. Classical Philology, Vol. 94, No. 2. (Apr. 1999), pp. 182-197.

Roman Emperor Theodosius the Great

Roman Emperor Theodosius the Great Under Emperor Valentinian I (r. 364-375), army officer Flavius Theodosius was stripped of command and exiled to Cauca, Spain, where he had been born in about 346. Despite such inauspicious beginnings, Theodosius, with his 8-year-old son installed  in name  as ruler of the Western Empire, became the last emperor to rule the  entire Roman Empire  in fact. Probably two to three years after Valentinian exiled Theodosius (and executed his father), Rome needed Theodosius again. The empire was a formidable power at this time. Thus it was against all odds that on August 9, 378 the Visigoths trounced the  Eastern Empire  and killed its emperor (Valens [r. A.D. 364-378]) at the momentous  Battle of Adrianople. Although it took a while for the after-effects to play out, this defeat is a major event to look at when tracing the  fall of the Roman Empire. With the eastern emperor dead, his nephew, the western Emperor Gratian, needed to reclaim command of  Constantinople  and the rest of the eastern part of the empire. To do so he sent in his best general- the formerly-exiled Flavius Theodosius. Dates: A.D. c. 346-395; (r. A.D. 379-395)Place of Birth: Cauca, in Hispania [see sec. Bd on Map]Parents: Theodosius the Elder and Thermantia Wives: Aelia Flavia Flaccilla;Galla Children: Arcadius (made Augustus on 19 January 383), Honorius (made Augustus on 23 January 393), and Pulcheria;Gratian and Galla Placidia(by adoption) Serena, his niece Claim to Fame: The last ruler of the entire Roman Empire; effectively put an end to pagan practices. Theodosius Hazardous Rise to Power Theodosius own father had been a senior military officer in the Western Empire. Emperor Valentinian had honored him by appointing him magister equitum praesentalis Master of the Horse in the Presence of the Emperor (Ammianus Marcellinus 28.3.9) in 368 and then executed him in early 375 for unclear reasons. Perhaps Theodosius father was executed for trying to intercede on behalf of his son. At about the time Emperor Valentinian executed his father, Theodosius went into retirement in Spain. It was only after Valentinians death (November 17, 375) that Theodosius regained his commission. Theodosius obtained the rank of the magister militum per Illyricum Master of the Soldiers for the Prefecture of Illyricum in 376, which he kept until January 379 when Emperor Gratian appointed him co-Augustus to replace Emperor Valens. Gratian may have been coerced into making the appointment. Barbarian Recruits The Goths and their allies were ravaging not only Thrace but also Macedonia and Dacia. It was the eastern emperor, Theodosius job to suppress them while the western emperor, Gratian attended to matters in Gaul. Although Emperor Gratian provided the Eastern Empire with some troops, Emperor Theodosius needed more because of the devastation that had been caused by the Battle at Adrianople. So he recruited troops from among the barbarians. In an only partially successful attempt to stave off barbarian defection, Emperor Theodosius made a trade: he sent some of his new, questionable recruits to Egypt to be exchanged for presumed-loyal Roman soldiers. In 382 Emperor Theodosius and the Goths reached an agreement: Emperor Theodosius permitted the Visigoths to retain some autonomy while living in Thrace, and many of the Goths enlisted in the imperial army, and especially the cavalry, which had proved to be one of the Roman weaknesses at Adrianople. The Emperors Their Domains From Julian to Theodosius Sons. (Simplified) NB: Valeo is the Latin verb to be strong. It was a popular base for mens names in the Roman Empire. Valentinian was the name of 2 Roman emperors during the lifetime of Theodosius, and Valens was that of a third. Julian Jovian (West) (East) Valentinian I / Gratian Valens Gratian / Valentinian II Theodosius Honorius Theodosius / Arcadius Maximus Emperor In January of 383, Emperor Theodosius named his young son Arcadius successor. Maximus, a general who had served with Theodosius father and may have been a blood relative, may have hoped to be named, instead. That year Maximus soldiers proclaimed him emperor. With these approving troops, Maximus entered Gaul to face Emperor Gratian. The latter was betrayed by his own troops and killed in Lyons by Maximus Gothic magister equitum. Maximus was preparing to advance on Rome when Emperor Gratians brother, Valentinian II, sent a force to meet him. Maximus agreed to accept Valentinian II as ruler of part of the Western Empire, in 384, but in 387 he advanced against him. This time Valentinian II fled to the East, to Emperor Theodosius. Theodosius took Valentinian II into protection. Then he led his army to fight against Maximus in Illyricum, at Emona, Siscia, and Poetovio [see map]. Despite many Gothic troops defecting to Maximus side, Maximus was captured and executed at Aquileia on August 28 , 388. (Valentinian II, Theodosius brother-in-law through his second marriage, was killed or committed suicide in May of 392.) One of the defecting Gothic leaders was Alaric, who fought for Emperor Theodosius in 394 against Eugenius, another pretender to the throne which he lost in the civil war battle on the river Frigidus in September and then against Emperor Theodosius son, but is best known for sacking Rome. Stilicho From the time of Emperor Jovian (377), there had been a Roman treaty with the Persians, but there were skirmishes along the borders. In 387, Emperor Theodosius magister peditum praesentalis, Richomer, put an end to these. Conflict over Armenia picked up again, until another of Emperor Theodosius officials, his magister militum per Orientem, Stilicho, arranged a settlement. Stilicho was to become a major figure in Roman history of the period. In an effort to tie Stilicho to his family and presumably strengthen the claim of Emperor Theodosius son Arcadius, Emperor Theodosius married his niece and adoptive daughter to Stilicho. Emperor Theodosius appointed Stilicho regent over his younger son Honorius and possibly (as Stilicho claimed), over Arcadius, as well. Theodosius on Religion Emperor Theodosius had been tolerant of most pagan practices, but then in 391 he sanctioned the destruction of the Serapeum at Alexandria, enacted laws against pagan practices, and put an end to the Olympic games.  He is also credited with putting an end to the power of the Arian and Manichean heresies in Constantinople while establishing Catholicism as the state religion. Sources DIR - TheodosiusNotitia DignitatumMagnus Maximus (383-388 A.D.) Theodosius(www.suc.org/exhibitions/byz_coins/present/Theodosius_I.html 06/26/01) Theodosius IAmmianus, Theodosius and Sallusts JugurthaThe Roman Magistri in the Civil and Military Service of the Empire, by A. E. R. Boak.  Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, Vol. 26, (1915), pp. 73-164.

Walter williams Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Walter williams - Essay Example If compensations were to be made, then apology becomes meaningless since it becomes a two-way business in which first the slave owners and sellers benefited and now the descendants of the slaves are benefiting. Apology means regret, not compensation. In this context, the disclaimer placed at the end of the resolution is justified. If the government does not pay, payment retrieved from any other community will raise substantial issues which will be graver than the need to compensate the descendants of the slaves. It is Williams’s fallacy that he has declared that the American government retrieves all the money it has from Americans. This is so untrue! The American government is not running on taxes paid by Americans alone. There are millions of Asians, Europeans, Arabs, and workers belonging to other nations who have not been granted the green card and yet they are earning in the USA and part of their payment goes to the American government. Besides, the American government is earning a lot of money by doing business with the Arabs in general and the KSA in particular. There are several other sources of income for the American

Persuasive Message Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Persuasive Message - Essay Example As such, we have come up with detailed and more complex ways of handling cleaningness as one of the more imperative outsourcing projects. Apparently, we are aware that numerous companies have claimed to offer cleaning services in the market but have ended up doing the exact opposite. However, at Marcus-Fortune Cleaning Agency we believe that ‘COMFY DEMANDS CLEANINGNESS’. In this regard, we are equipped to offer probation services at affordable fees to act as an expression of our undoubted services upon your approval and cooperation. Marcus-Fortune Cleaning Agency as a cleaning agency offers services such as essential cleaning for offices, hospitals, schools, churches, hotels among other institutions. In addition, it offers moving services for offices and residential places for both private and public properties. Another service that we offer comprises of providing hygiene bins, collecting, and replacing them for use in washroom and recreational facilities in their respected institutions and organizations. It is for this undoubted reason that Marcus- Fortune Cleaning Agency is at your service to ensure that the level of cleaningness has met you comfort. At Marcus- Fortune Cleaning Agency, you are assured of getting the highest level of cleaningness that gives you the utmost comfort required. In addition, we have a dedicated working rot that is willing to retain its professionalism while working towards satisfaction of its potential customers. We have incorporated a comprehensive brochure of the agency, for your perusal. We anticipate for convenient meetings where we could discuss the likelihood of working with you in future. As such, we will contact you sooner than later for the possibility of setting up meetings at your convenience. You can also visit our website at www.marcusfortuneagency.uk for more information on the

Importance Of God In Peoples Lives Philosophy Essay

Importance Of God In Peoples Lives Philosophy Essay Text: Thinking about God helps us to resolve many problems of life, provided we take it with faith. We are too much engrossed in our material life, which may benefit in living a life of comfort. However, this alone is not sufficient to remain in peace and achieve true happiness. Much of the troubles in the present time are due to loosing our connection with God that has resulted in dilution of moral values. When people think of God and develop own spiritual beliefs, they will find life is easier. As we bring God in realm of life and depending on how long we search and how deep we delve, we may find answers to the purpose of life. It will bring purpose and sense to many things that are happening in life. We will be less impacted from both pleasures and sufferings. When we feel alone in this life and when the going is rough, it makes us feel depressed and unhappy, unless we feel that someone is there within us to protect and make us sail through not this life but subsequent lives also. Such feelings of loneliness affect our courage, and no amount of positive attitude, behavior changes and strategies could be fully effective to keep life going. It is our spiritual interconnectedness with God that makes us to think God as our companion within us. Thinking about soul is nothing but essence of God within us. It is a force that generates love for human beings. What can be the need of soul other than love? Inner self wishes to connect with others through love. At the time of original creation, everybody has come from one source. Soul is the reflection of that source. The connection with the source can be felt when we realize essence of soul and relate our self with the soul. Soul does not think and feel differently from other fellow beings; it remains connected with other human beings with feeling of love. We cannot feel united with others by any other force but through love. It is difficult to feel oneness with others while continuing to generate hate and ill feelings. It is the love and feelings of love that connects us with other human beings. Remaining connected with God makes us to remain aligned with inner self. We are able to realize the full potential by remaining connected with others through the force of love and compas sion. When we feel that God is within us, we look to inner consciousness for guidance that prompts us to remain on right path. We look to HIM for help that provides hope and makes us to sail through the difficult times with less pain. A person who does not believe in God keeps on thinking about result of his actions and wishes to take charge of his destiny. Failing to get rewards of his effort makes him tense and stressful. He feels to have been deceived and cheated. He blames others and become cynic. However, a different thinking is held by the person who develops faith in God. He does not get bogged down with rewards as his faith in natural justice makes him to believe that divine will take care of him. He prefers to wait for the results of his actions. This is a very positive contribution to our well being from divinity and spirituality. It is similar to the child who loves his or her mother and remains unmindful of own self. He or she looks towards the mother for all the care and support. A person with the faith in God also tries to behave in the similar fashion. He /she takes God like his/her mother to defend and protect in all adversaries. It helps to bring calmness in life. As we realize presence of God or his essence within us, it makes us remain in right direction. We will better avoid doing any thing for momentarily pleasure that will harm our own consciousness. People who believe in spirituality try to remain more sincere in their dealings with others. The advantage of all these are that they face less of conflict, less of inner turmoil, and are better placed to generate happiness. We talk about positive attitudes to make us feel happy. It is not easy to develop positive attitudes and shed negative feelings unless we feel dire inner need. People remain egoistic, selfish, cunning in nature as they do not feel need for inner development. Those who believe in God try to fulfill need of soul to shed negative tendencies. They develop inner need to improve attitudes, develop love and remain humble. The challenges from life can often leave us feeling battered and alone.ÂÂ   A strong belief that we are being guided and supported by God can help feel stronger and better able to cope with difficulties and disappointments. As we believe in rebirth makes a person feel happier and more secure because it derives certain meaning to pain and suffering. We look for results not in only this birth but hope to be rewarded and compensated suitably if not in this birth then in subsequent births. Spiritual beliefs give an expanded view of life that would not otherwise have.ÂÂ   Lack of spiritual beliefs can often give feeling that life is empty and meaningless, while a strong spiritual foundation can help see that there is a deeper meaning.ÂÂ   All human beings like to see purpose and direction in life. As child we seek help from parents and remain happy unmindful of our troubles and worries. Similarly, as we develop faith on God, our perspective of life will undergo change. We will stop to attach too much importance to end results but will believe in right action. It will make us to wait for our rewards with patience. We will derive meaning and comfort even at the times of troubles. All the worldly activities will be accomplished in a state of love and good feelings for others. We will find doing a job as a means to interconnect with others; to provide our services to all the other people; it will not then remain only a mere source of income. We see all other human beings very close to us, thereby reducing interpersonal conflicts and troubles. We will derive more lasting love and comfort from our family, our spouse; it will be a spiritual love that will be unconditional. Mere knowledge on these issues is not sufficient. It is practice to bring essence of God in every aspect of our life that will help in bringing changes desired for living a life filled with calmness, kindness and peace. The main benefit of looking to God is that we will gradually lose the attachment of the material world, and less affected with the worries that go with it. The mind will remain calm. The realization about God and the dormant energy, the soul can do well to our self. This will enable us to realize the divine force that generates positive feelings towards others, and stop our mind wandering here and there. The moment our mind thinks positively about others will provide bliss of peace and calmness. It has to go on a continuous basis so as to derive maximum benefit to reduce the worries from our mind. Dealing with others is affected by ego, superiority complex and selfish tendency. We try to think of own benefit in each and every dealing and interaction with others. Tendency to remain in peace is affected. We think of various things happening at a time and remain worried about any loss of prestige, wealth, status or material comfort. We remain in competition with other people all the time. This is the basic reason of our worries, fear, hate and anger. Thinking about God will reduce negative feelings. This will naturally make us to love others that will do lot of good to our own life. Little irritants that spoil our life will subsidize. When remembering God makes other things happening around us less important. We perform duty towards family in a loving and caring manner. The entire process brings more happiness and peace in our married life. We learn to respect our spouse and not to compete with each other. We need not to fear about our weakness. We reveal true feelings and need not hide anything. We feel protected and see other people as a mirror of our own reflection. The advantage of God is that all the time you remain connected with the pure thought within while performing your duty. We feel whatever we do is being dictated by the power within. We feel our self as non-entity in front of our creator. Hence, we perform duty in a state of surrender. This helps us to avoid ego. The distractive tendencies are reduced. Mind rests and do not wander here and there by constant remembrance and meditation. It is through the process of meditation that we try to bring love of humanity and God.

Diet Misconceptions Essays -- Nutrition

It is a well-known fact that women have always worried about their weight. In fact, they worry about it so much that in a recent poll done by NBC and the Meredith Corporation, it was discovered that women in the United States worry more about weight than they do about cancer (Davies). Fearing fat cells more than mutated cells? It may not be so crazy. The national weight has skyrocketed in recent years, with much of the blame being laid on fast food restaurants and our sedentary lifestyles, but what if there’s a more detrimental contributing factor? Most people don’t research a diet before they go on it, unless the research includes finding out the success rate. Living in an era of mass advertising and media bombardment, our eye can be caught easily by flashy words and hype diets, leaving the truth buried underneath the desires to lose weight. Not only does it cover the truth, it covers the solution to many societal problems such as obesity and diseases with links to die t. Misconceptions regarding nutrition are causing major problems today and even fuel the most worrisome health dangers. To dig past this dilemma, correct knowledge about nutrition needs to be gained, or hype diets and incorrect information will continue to affect the American diet; leaving people unhappy and overweight. Americans foster many different views about how we should eat: non-fat, low-fat, low-carb, Adkins style, etc. But which is the right way? The misconceptions vary greatly and spread across a large area. What has been ingrained in people as children may be wrong in its assumptions about diet. For example, is it surprising that non-fat diets are actually worse for you than eating a healthy amount of fat each day? The food pyramid teaches the method o... ... Publishing Service Selection Page. Version Vol. 19, Issue 2. Nutridate, n.d. Web. 16 May 2012. Davies, Megan. " U.S. women worry more about weight than cancer: poll | Reuters ." Breaking News, Business News, Financial and Investing News & More | Reuters.co.uk. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 May 2012. Meyers, Hannah Rice. "Pros & Cons Of Diet Pills | LIVESTRONG.COM." LIVESTRONG.COM - Lose Weight & Get Fit with Diet, Nutrition & Fitness Tools | LIVESTRONG.COM. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 May 2012. Pollan, Michael. In defense of food: an eater's manifesto. New York: Penguin Press, 2008. Print. Taubes, Gary. Good calories, bad calories: challenging the conventional wisdom on diet, weight control, and disease. New York: Knopf, 2007. Print. Trebilcock, Bob. " EBSCOhost: IF YOUR DIET PILL WORKS... It's bad for you." EBSCO Publishing Service Selection Page. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 May 2012. Diet Misconceptions Essays -- Nutrition It is a well-known fact that women have always worried about their weight. In fact, they worry about it so much that in a recent poll done by NBC and the Meredith Corporation, it was discovered that women in the United States worry more about weight than they do about cancer (Davies). Fearing fat cells more than mutated cells? It may not be so crazy. The national weight has skyrocketed in recent years, with much of the blame being laid on fast food restaurants and our sedentary lifestyles, but what if there’s a more detrimental contributing factor? Most people don’t research a diet before they go on it, unless the research includes finding out the success rate. Living in an era of mass advertising and media bombardment, our eye can be caught easily by flashy words and hype diets, leaving the truth buried underneath the desires to lose weight. Not only does it cover the truth, it covers the solution to many societal problems such as obesity and diseases with links to die t. Misconceptions regarding nutrition are causing major problems today and even fuel the most worrisome health dangers. To dig past this dilemma, correct knowledge about nutrition needs to be gained, or hype diets and incorrect information will continue to affect the American diet; leaving people unhappy and overweight. Americans foster many different views about how we should eat: non-fat, low-fat, low-carb, Adkins style, etc. But which is the right way? The misconceptions vary greatly and spread across a large area. What has been ingrained in people as children may be wrong in its assumptions about diet. For example, is it surprising that non-fat diets are actually worse for you than eating a healthy amount of fat each day? The food pyramid teaches the method o... ... Publishing Service Selection Page. Version Vol. 19, Issue 2. Nutridate, n.d. Web. 16 May 2012. Davies, Megan. " U.S. women worry more about weight than cancer: poll | Reuters ." Breaking News, Business News, Financial and Investing News & More | Reuters.co.uk. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 May 2012. Meyers, Hannah Rice. "Pros & Cons Of Diet Pills | LIVESTRONG.COM." LIVESTRONG.COM - Lose Weight & Get Fit with Diet, Nutrition & Fitness Tools | LIVESTRONG.COM. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 May 2012. Pollan, Michael. In defense of food: an eater's manifesto. New York: Penguin Press, 2008. Print. Taubes, Gary. Good calories, bad calories: challenging the conventional wisdom on diet, weight control, and disease. New York: Knopf, 2007. Print. Trebilcock, Bob. " EBSCOhost: IF YOUR DIET PILL WORKS... It's bad for you." EBSCO Publishing Service Selection Page. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 May 2012.

MIS Coursework

Answer 12: The intelligent techniques are the various ways into which the humans would devise an electronic device to perform what they do with their intelligence and manual energy. The various intelligent techniques would make sure that all the various collaborations among the machines are invested into various kinds of expertise which are required for making it replace human efficiency for productive use of time and effort. The behavioral attitude and the exposure which is required for fetching the right kind of mannerism and exact pattern matching on the part of the electronic devices for making them to perform in line with the humans. The intelligent devices are of great interest to the businesses for knowledge management as they are required to manage the data which is very crucial for making the gross transition towards the management of knowledge and its successful retrieval. The organizational attitude towards various forms of knowledge must be understood and dealt accordingly with respect to demand. The priority of knowledge derivation and data warehousing would make sure that all the various forms of knowledge would be handled and managed for its being when a lot of evaluative and intelligent analysis is required for the job. Various patterns of knowledge are crucial to businesses to predict future actions and make help them in decision making in businesses. The various forms of decision making require valid data and information to derive at business solutions. The various differences between human intelligence are as follows: Human beings think and behave rationally while AI imitates the actions and behavior of human beings and their thinking and reasoning process. Human intelligence makes the computers intelligent and automates the activities like decision making, problem solving, learning and reasoning process so that still it can remain within human control. Answer 13: Expert systems are a branch of computer science, which deals with the study and creation of computer system that exhibits some form of intelligence. AI is the process of making machine intelligent, so that it can perform well and efficiently in absence of human beings. It is system that performs either of the following: i.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Learns new concepts and tasks. ii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Reason and draw conclusion. iii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Able to explain iv.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Process natural language. It is the process of developing computer programs to solve out complex problems by application of processes analogous to the human reasoning process. It is a system that thinks and behaves rationally like human. This definition has got two major parts: Computer solution for major problems is one where regular software exists Process, which is analogous to the human reasoning process, is the distinguishing feature of AI programs. Characteristics of AI programs: i.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   AI programs manipulate symbolic information to a large extent in contrast to the conventional program. ii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   AI program has combinatorial explosion of solution. iii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   AI programs deal with real life problems to a large extent. iv.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A vital characteristic of AI program is that it is easy to learn. Intelligence requires knowledge and knowledge should have some desirable properties. AI technique is a method that exploits the knowledge that should be represented in such a way that 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Knowledge captures generalization i.e. it is necessary to group the objects together, which share important and common properties. ii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It can be understood by people, who must provide it. iii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It can easily be modified to correct errors and reflect changes in the world and in the world’s view. iv.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It should have a wide application and implementation area, even though it is incomplete and inaccurate. v.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It should be used to overcome narrow range of possibilities. Advantage: Generalized and self-explanatory like search strategies for knowledge representation. Disadvantage: Voluminous, hard to characterize and constantly changing. Three important AI techniques: i.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Search: It provides a framework in which any available direct technique can be embedded. It provides a problem solving method for which no more direct approach is available. ii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Use of knowledge: Provides a way of solving complex problem, by exploiting the structure of objects involved. iii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Abstraction: Provides a way of separating out important features and variations from unimportant ones. Expert systems help in knowledge management as the ability to learn from the environment and make decisions would contribute to the very catering of knowledge and its usage. The expert systems utilize knowledge and skills to a very large extent and make enough judgment for making a right mark.

Stigma Of Being An American - 939 Words

There is a stigma of being an American. If an individual works day in and day out, that person will achieve their life goal. This is pursuing the American dream, because all citizens have equal opportunity to become successful and live a prosperous life. Now all Americans can have equal rights, so each and every one can strive for success equally. We banned slavery, segregation, and institutional racism. Women are viewed as equally under the law as men, and homosexuals can legally marry. Equality took a many hard fought years to cover everyone, but now everyone is content. Wrong! In the novel Rereading America many different cultural contexts explains that if you are born into poverty, was a women, or was of color, then life was not as equal as a wealthy white born male to become successful and have equally opportunities. In contrast much evidence demonstrates otherwise. 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